Here's what we have in the U.S.:

  1. Private health insurance--which is mostly for those with full-time jobs that provide it.
  2. "Obamacare"--private health insurance which is purchased through state-run health care exchanges at a subsidized rate.
  3. Medicare--single-payer health insurance provided by the government. Everyone 65 years or older is covered by Medicare. (There are also Medicare supplements that go through private insurance, but we'll ignore those for the moment.)
  4. Medicaid (called Medi-Cal in California)--single-payer health insurance provided by the government for extremely low-income individuals. Better than nothing, but many providers do not accept Medicaid.